Network Operation and Topology

In the EMC Protocol, transaction accounting is achieved by validator nodes, which package the state machine data into a structure known as a “commitment” and store it on-chain via a smart contract. This process is referred to as “submission.” Once a commitment has been submitted to the contract, the transaction is considered completed—a milestone termed “confirmation.”It is important to note that submission and confirmation occur asynchronously. In other words, there may be a delay between the time a transaction is submitted and the point at which it is fully confirmed on-chain. Nonetheless, from a user’s perspective, once a transaction has been submitted, it is effectively treated as finalized, enabling them to proceed with subsequent actions without waiting for the final confirmation step.